QUESTION 2  GROUP: Coding  SECTION: Coding 3  Marks: 15

A smart city water board wants to identify water distribution zones where supply and consumption records indicate abnormal water loss or inconsistency.

The city stores zone details, reservoir supply logs, meter readings, leakage reports, and maintenance logs. Your task is to analyse the records and print zones whose anomaly status is CRITICAL or WARNING.

The anomaly score must be calculated using supplied water, consumed water, actual water loss percentage, leakage reports, latest maintenance status, and over-consumption detection.

Read input from STDIN and print output to STDOUT. Do not print arbitrary strings anywhere in the program, as these contribute to standard output and test cases will fail.

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Data Structures

Zones Table

Field	Description
zoneId	Unique identifier of the distribution zone
zoneName	Name of the zone
zoneType	Zone type: RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, or MIXED
expectedLossPercent	Expected water loss percentage for the zone

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Reservoir Supply Logs Table

Field	Description
supplyId	Unique identifier of the supply log
zoneId	Zone that received the supplied water
supplyDay	Day on which water was supplied
suppliedLitres	Water supplied to the zone in litres

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Meter Readings Table

Field	Description
readingId	Unique identifier of the meter reading
zoneId	Zone where the meter reading was recorded
meterId	Unique identifier of the meter
readingDay	Day on which the meter reading was recorded
consumedLitres	Water consumed according to the meter reading
meterType	HOUSEHOLD, COMMERCIAL, or INDUSTRIAL

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Leakage Reports Table

Field	Description
reportId	Unique identifier of the leakage report
zoneId	Zone for which leakage was reported
reportDay	Day on which leakage was reported
severity	LOW, MEDIUM, or HIGH

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Maintenance Logs Table

Field	Description
maintenanceId	Unique identifier of the maintenance log
zoneId	Zone where maintenance activity was recorded
maintenanceDay	Day on which maintenance was recorded
maintenanceType	INSPECTION, REPAIR, or SHUTDOWN

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Valid Record Rules

A reservoir supply log is valid only when all conditions are satisfied:

1. zoneId exists in the Zones table.
2. supplyDay is between 1 and referenceDay, inclusive.
3. suppliedLitres >= 0.

A meter reading is valid only when all conditions are satisfied:

1. zoneId exists in the Zones table.
2. readingDay is between 1 and referenceDay, inclusive.
3. consumedLitres >= 0.
4. meterType is HOUSEHOLD, COMMERCIAL, or INDUSTRIAL.

A leakage report is valid only when all conditions are satisfied:

1. zoneId exists in the Zones table.
2. reportDay is between 1 and referenceDay, inclusive.
3. severity is LOW, MEDIUM, or HIGH.

A maintenance log is valid only when all conditions are satisfied:

1. zoneId exists in the Zones table.
2. maintenanceDay is between 1 and referenceDay, inclusive.
3. maintenanceType is INSPECTION, REPAIR, or SHUTDOWN.

Invalid records must be ignored completely.

If multiple valid maintenance logs exist for the same zone, use the valid maintenance log having the greatest maintenanceDay.

If multiple valid maintenance logs have the same greatest maintenanceDay, use the record that appears last in the input.

Each input record must be processed independently.

The identifiers in the Zones table are guaranteed to be unique.

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Features to Calculate

For every zone, calculate the following values:

1. totalSuppliedLitres

Sum of suppliedLitres from all valid reservoir supply logs of the zone.

2. totalConsumedLitres

Sum of consumedLitres from all valid meter readings of the zone.

3. waterLossLitres

waterLossLitres = totalSuppliedLitres - totalConsumedLitres

4. actualLossPercent

actualLossPercent = waterLossLitres * 100 / totalSuppliedLitres

If totalSuppliedLitres is 0, use 0 as actualLossPercent.

If consumption is greater than supply, actualLossPercent may be negative.

5. hasHighLeakageReport

True when the zone has at least one valid leakage report with severity HIGH.

6. mediumHighLeakageCount

Count of valid leakage reports whose severity is MEDIUM or HIGH.

7. latestMaintenanceType

Use the maintenanceType from the latest valid maintenance log of the zone.

If no valid maintenance log exists, use NONE.

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Anomaly Score

Calculate the anomaly score for every zone.

Condition	Score Added
If actualLossPercent > expectedLossPercent	4
If actualLossPercent >= expectedLossPercent + 10	additional 4
If waterLossLitres >= 10000	3
If at least one valid HIGH leakage report exists	4
If two or more valid MEDIUM/HIGH leakage reports exist	3
If no valid maintenance log exists	2
If latest valid maintenance type is SHUTDOWN	3
If totalConsumedLitres > totalSuppliedLitres	5

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Anomaly Status

Anomaly Score	Status
12 or more	CRITICAL
7 to 11	WARNING
Less than 7	NORMAL

Only zones with CRITICAL or WARNING status must be printed.

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Constraints

1. 2 <= numberOfZones <= 100000
2. 0 <= numberOfSupplyLogs <= 200000
3. 0 <= numberOfMeterReadings <= 200000
4. 0 <= numberOfLeakageReports <= 200000
5. 0 <= numberOfMaintenanceLogs <= 200000
6. 1 <= referenceDay <= 1000000
7. -100000 <= supplyDay, readingDay, reportDay, maintenanceDay <= 1000000
8. -1000000000 <= suppliedLitres, consumedLitres <= 1000000000
9. 0 <= expectedLossPercent <= 100
10. All IDs, names, zone types, meter types, severity values, and maintenance types contain no spaces.

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